Introduction
The ancient site of Haft Tappeh is located in the north of Khuzestan Province within Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Agro-Industry Company fields, 15 km southeast of Susa. The site’s geographical coordinate is 39 S 247842, 3552480. With Karkheh River, about 10 km to the west, and Shavour River, about 4 km to the southwest as well as Dez River, 10 km to the northeast, it is almost certain that Haft Tappeh is located in the most fertile parts of Khuzestan.
The site is situated at the end of Sadsarabad anticline which is composed of several mounds of different sizes. Due to the high number of mounds at this site, it is known as Haft Tappeh (i.e. seven mounds). Here, apparently, the number seven seems to connote a high number since there are approximately 14 mounds in the area of the site.
Archaeological studies and excavations at Haft Tappeh helped shed light on unknown parts of Elamite history. Activities as such led to identifying massive tombs next to which had been made a big building probably related to royal families. Haft Tappeh architecture well suggests that the Elamite civilization was so developed in terms of architecture and, also, making round arch was a common architectural technique over this period. These arches date two hundred years earlier than those at Tchogha Zanbil and about one thousand five hundred years earlier than the Roman ones. The excavations at Haft Tappeh yielded lots of seals, seal impressions, clay tablets, and a number of stone engravings. The finds show that when flourishing, the city had a significant political-economic position. Two names, one Tepti-ahar (meaning king and ruler in Elamite language), a lesser-known Elamite king, and the other the city of Kabnak, are abundantly seen in the inscriptions on different finds. The importance of excavations at this site was in introducing Haft Tappeh as Kabnak besides the kings of early times of Middle Elamite period who probably ruled during a timespan between 1500 to 1350 B.C.E.
Figure 1: An old aerial photo of Haft Tappeh
Figure 2: A new aerial photo of Haft Tappeh
Based on archaeological studies, four construction periods could be realized. After a long-term gap, the city was once again reinhabited in Parthian and Sassanian eras but it never gained the former importance.
Elamite Construction Periods | Period | Timespan |
First construction period | Sukkal.Mah | 17th and 16th centuries B.C.E. |
Second construction period | First Middle Elamite phase | 15th century B.C.E. |
Third construction period | First Middle Elamite phase | Late 15th century to first 14th century B.C.E. |
Fourth construction period | First Middle Elamite phase | 14th century B.C.E.
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